PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.